| Islam | Byzantine Empire | Western Europe |
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| 1300's Seljuk Turks Decline | 1320's Civil Wars among Byzantines 1328 Kievian Metropolitan now in Moscow |
1305-78 Popes in Avignon 1321 Death of Dante |
| 1330's Mongol Ilkhanate Declines | 1331 Great Prince in Moscow | 1338-1453 Hundred Years' War |
| 1346-51 The Black Plague | 1347-53 The Black Plague | 1347-50 The Black Plague 1343 Birth of Chaucer |
| 1354 Ottomans take Gallipoli | 1355 Death of Serbian Stefan Dushan | 1356 Battle of Poitiers |
| 1360-75 Mamluks take Armenia | 1360's Growth of Poland and Lithuania Civil Wars in Byzantium |
1360 Treaty of Brétigny |
| 1377 Gallipoli Turkish Capital | 1378 Beginning of Papal Schism | |
| 1389 Battle of Kossovo Polye Ottomans Defeat Serbs |
1380 Battle of Kulikovo Muscovites Defeat Mongols |
1381 Peasants' Revolt in England |
| 1396 Battle of Nicopolis Ottomans Defeat French, Hungarians |
1391-1425 Manuel II in Byzantium | 1394 Death of Petrarch |
| 1401 Timur takes Damascus, Baghdad |
1399-1402 Manuel II in West | 1409 Council of Pisa |
| 1419-36 Hussite Wars in Bohemia 1411 Defeat of Teutonic Knights at Grunwald (Tannenburg) |
1415 Battle of Agincourt | |
| 1422 Turks Besiege Constantinople | 1425 Civil War in Bohemia | 1422 Death of Henry V |
| 1444 Battle of Varna Turks Defeat Poles |
1446 Janos Hunyady Hungarian Regent |
1445 Henry VI Marries Margaret of Anjou 1446 Brunelleschi dies (b. 1377?) |
| 1453 Conquest of Constantinople | 1458 Turks Repelled at Belgrade | 1453 End of Hundred Years' War 1453-55 Gutenberg Prints Bible |
| 1467 Turks Take Herzegovina | 1463 Matthias Corvinus in Hungary | 1469 Ferdinand Marries Isabella Marsilio Ficino publishes Theologia Platonica |
| 1472 Ivan III Marries Byzantine Sophia | 1471 Crisis in Wars of Roses | |
| 1484 Portugese at Mouth of Congo | 1485 Corvinus Captures Vienna 1485-1495 Ivan III brings Italian architects to rebuild Kremlin |
1485 Henry Tudor Defeats Richard III
Malory's Le Morte D'Arthur |
| 1492 Fall of Granada 1494 Birth of Suleiman the Magnificent |
1491 Hapsburg Success in Central Europe 1492 Turks Defeat Hungarians at Save 1493 Turks Invade Dalmatia and Croatia |
1490 Founding of Aldus Manutius' press in Venice 1492 Death of Lorenzo the Magnificent 1495-7 Leonardo da Vinci, Last Supper 1498 Vasco da Gama reaches India |
| 1502 Safavids in power with Isfahan as capital | 1505 Ivan III (The Great) dies (b, 1440) |
1501-4 Michelangelo, David 1503 Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa 1508-12 Michelangelo, frescoes for the Sistine Chapel 1509 Erasmus, In Praise of Folly 1509-11 Raphael, frescoes for the Stanza della Segnatura |
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1517 The Ottoman Selim Yavuz defeats the Mamluks in Egypt |
1513 Machiavelli, The Prince 1516 Castiglione, Book of the Courtier 1516 Thomas More, Utopia 1519 Charles V becomes Holy Roman Emperor 1519-1521 Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigates the world |
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1521 Suleiman II, the Magnificent, takes Belgrade 1526 The Battle of Panipat, India, and the Moghul conquest |
1526 Louis of Hungary dies at the Battle of Mohacs 1528 The Ottomans take Buda in Hungary 1529 The Turks besiege Vienna |
1520 Raphael Santi dies (b. 1483) 1527 Sack of Rome |
| 1533 Ivan IV (The Terrible) becomes Czar |
1536 Martin Luther dies (b. 1483) 1534 Henry VIII founds Anglican church 1534 Ignatius of Loyola founds Jesuit order 1535 Thomas More executed |
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1543 Copernicus, On the Revolutions of the Spheres 1545-1563 Council of Trent 1547 Henry VIII dies (b. 1491) |
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1556 Ignatius of Loyola dies (b. 1491) 1558 Queen Elizabeth I crowned |
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1565 Battle of Malta |
1560 John Knox founds Presbyterian church 1562-1598 Religious wars in France 1564 John Calvin dies (b. 1509) 1564 Michelangelo Buonarroti dies (b. 1475) |
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1571 Battle of Lepanto 1578 The Battle of Qasr al-Kabir, Morocco |
1572 John Knox dies (b. 1510) 1572 Dutch Revolt begins 1572 St. Bartholomew's Day massacre 1574 Giorgio Vasari dies (b. 1511) 1576 Titian dies (b. 1485) |
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| 1584 Ivan IV (The Terrible) dies (b. 1530) |
1582 Gregorian calendar reform 1588 Spanish Armada |
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1598 Edict of Nantes |
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1603 Battle of Urmiyah. Iranians defeat Turks |
1600 Giordano Bruno dies (b. 1548) 1603 Queen Elizabeth I dies (b. 1533) |
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1610 Assassination of Henry IV of France 1610 Galileo publishes The Starry Messenger 1611-1632 Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden 1616 Cervantes dies (b. 1547) 1616 Shakespeare dies (b. 1564) 1618-1648 Thirty Years' War |
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1627 Kepler, The Rudolfine Tables 1630 Kepler dies (b. 1571) 1637 Descartes, Discourse on Method |
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1640 Rubens dies (b. 1577) 1642 Cardinal Richelieu dies (b.1585) 1642 Galileo Galilei dies (b. 1564) 1642-1660 English Civil War 1649 Execution of Charles I |
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1683 The Turks defeated at Vienna 1682 Peter The Great, Czar (until 1721) |
1660 Royal Society founded 1667 John Milton, Paradise Lost, 1669 Rembrant dies (b. 1606) 1680 Bernini dies (b. 1598) 1687 Newton publishes Principia Mathematica |